ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate risk of endobronchial biopsy (EBB)-induced bleeding in different locations of lung cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 643 patients diagnosed with lung cancer were collected from January 2014 to February 2018. The association of lesions of location with the risk of EBB-induced bleeding was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis adjusted for demographics, tumor characteristics, and comorbidities.Results:After adjusting for sex, age, smoking history, pathological type and stage of tumor, complications [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease], platelet count, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, multivariate regression analysis showed that compared to incidence of EBB-induced bleeding in right lower bronchus, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of left main bronchus, left upper bronchus, left lower bronchus, right main bronchus, right upper bronchus, right middle bronchus, right middle lobar bronchus and the trachea were 5.24(2.23, 12.31), 2.08(1.14, 3.80), 1.93(1.01, 3.67), 2.92(1.14, 7.47), 1.81(1.00, 3.30), 4.91(1.94, 12.45), 1.33(0.48, 3.63) and 2.19(0.58, 8.30).Conclusions:Patients with lung cancer located in the central airways were more likely to bleed upon EBB when compared lesions located in the peripheral bronchi. Lesions located in left main bronchus, left upper bronchus were the most likely to bleed upon EBB among the central airways and peripheral bronchi, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Interventional bronchoscopy is widely used in histopathological diagnosis of airway disorders.Hemorrhage is the most frequently encountered and difficult-to-manage complication during bronchoscopy,and massive hemorrhage could be life-threatening.There were differences in the incidence of hemorrhage caused by different interventional procedures.At present,the prevention of bleeding induced by intervention is relatively lacking,and the choice of treatment may be not the same in different endoscopy centers.We review the prevention and treatment of hemorrhage complicated by interventional bronchoscopy in this article,which may help to improve the understanding and management ability of hemorrhage during bronchoscopy.
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Objective To investigate the time of spontaneous recovery of atelectasis after removing the acute airway foreign bodies in miniature pigs.Methods Twenty-two miniature pigs were inserted into the occlusion stent in the right lower lobe bronchus by using bronchoscopy.After confirming the formation of atelectasis,the occlusion stent was removed and the imaging changes were observed for 3 weeks continuously.Results Atelectasis was formed within 1 week after the airway occlusion stent implantation in miniature pigs.Pulmonary reexpansion was observed obviously on week 3 after removal of airway occlusion stent (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The spontaneous recovery time of atelectasis,which caused by an acute foreign body airway obstruction within 1 week,may take 3 weeks at least.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of apoptosis-related gene p53 on the apoptosis of retinal capillary cells in rats with spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) after ischemic reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 60 SHR rats were randomly divided into sham group (SHR-SH) and retinal ischemie reperfusion group (SHR-RIR), which were subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the time after RIR: 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days, with 6 rats in each subgroup. Another 60 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into the same groups as the SHR rats as the control. The RIR model was set up. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods and the expression of p53 was determined by streptavidin-perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptosis rate of retinal capillary cells in the 5 SHR-RIR groups was (8.64±0.56)%, (14.92±0.99)%, (24.72±2.98)%, (16.53±1.80)%, and (7.12±1.10)%,respectively. The expression of p53 in SHR-RIR groups increased at the 2nd hour after RIR, reached the peak at the 24th hour, kept the high level at the 72nd hour, and remained a little at the 7th day, which was significantly different from which in the SHR-SH groups (P<0. 01). The expression of p53 were higher in SHR-IR groups than that in the WKY-RIR groups (P<0. 01). Conclusions p53 may play a part in RIR injury by inducing or promoting apoptosis. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells after RIR is more severe under the hypertension, and reaches the peak at the 24 hour after RIR.